GLOSSARY · WHAT IS…

The language of agentic logistics.

Clear, quotable definitions for the terms shaping modern freight — from Bill of Lading to AI Agent & API Infrastructure. Built for humans, engineered for answer engines.

97 terms across 8 categories

01 / 08 · 6 TERMS

LSP44 Vocabulary

The language LSP44 uses to describe AI-native logistics — how agents, APIs, and agentic workflows fit together.

An AI Agent is an AI-powered digital worker capable of performing tasks, making decisions, and executing workflows on behalf of users or organizations. In logistics, AI Agents automate operations traditionally handled by people — monitoring shipments, resolving exceptions, communicating with carriers, and updating systems.

  • The worker that performs the work
  • The intelligence that completes tasks
  • The digital employee

Recommended usage

AI Agents automate logistics operations by performing work traditionally handled by people.

RELATED: API Infrastructure · AI Agent & API Infrastructure · Agentic

API Infrastructure is the connectivity layer that enables systems, applications, and data sources to communicate and exchange information. It is the network that allows information to flow between TMS, ERP, CRM, carrier networks, and customer systems — the layer AI Agents use to access and act within business systems.

  • The connections between systems
  • The network that allows information to flow
  • The layer that enables AI Agents to access and act within business systems

Recommended usage

API Infrastructure provides the connectivity required for AI Agents to access data and perform work.

RELATED: AI Agent · AI Agent & API Infrastructure

AI Agent & API Infrastructure is the combined technology foundation that enables AI Agents to securely access, orchestrate, and execute work across connected systems. Agents are the workers, APIs are the connections; together they form the infrastructure required to automate logistics operations.

The team uses “AI Agent & API Infrastructure” rather than “API & Agent Infrastructure” because agents call APIs to execute work — not the other way around. The ordering reflects how the technology actually functions.

Recommended usage

LSP44 provides AI Agent & API Infrastructure for modern logistics organizations.

Avoid

  • × API & Agent Infrastructure
  • × Agent Infrastructure alone
  • × API Infrastructure alone when describing the complete solution

RELATED: AI Agent · API Infrastructure · Agentic Infrastructure for LSPs

AI-Native means built from the ground up in the age of AI, with artificial intelligence embedded into the company’s architecture, workflows, and operating model from inception. AI is not an add-on — it is foundational to how the company operates.

  • AI is not an add-on
  • AI is foundational to how the company operates
  • Built for the AI era from day one

Recommended usage

LSP44 is an AI-native logistics technology company.

Avoid

  • × Using AI-Native as the primary descriptor for the product platform

RELATED: AI Agent · Agentic

Agentic is a characteristic of a workflow, process, or system that enables AI to autonomously reason, plan, decide, and act toward a defined objective. Agentic describes how work happens — the workflow — while an Agent is the worker performing it.

Correct usage: Agentic Workflows, Agentic Operations, Agentic Processes, Agentic Systems.

Incorrect usage: “Agentic Agent.”

Recommended usage

Agentic workflows enable AI Agents to execute complex business processes with minimal human intervention.

RELATED: AI Agent · Agentic Infrastructure for LSPs

Agentic Infrastructure for LSPs is the technology framework that enables multiple AI Agents to operate, collaborate, and execute logistics workflows across an organization. It is the environment where digital workers run — the foundation powering autonomous logistics operations for Logistics Service Providers.

Recommended usage

LSP44 is building the Agentic Infrastructure that powers the next generation of logistics service providers.

RELATED: AI Agent & API Infrastructure · Agentic · 3PL · 4PL

02 / 08 · 24 TERMS

Shipping & Freight

The everyday shorthand of ocean, air, and multimodal freight movement.

BILL OF LADING · B/L

A Bill of Lading (B/L) is a legal document issued by a carrier to a shipper that acknowledges receipt of cargo and sets the terms of transport. It serves as a receipt of goods, evidence of the contract of carriage, and — when negotiable — a document of title to the cargo.

RELATED: HBL · MBL · AWB

AIR WAYBILL · AWB

An Air Waybill (AWB) is a non-negotiable transport document issued by an air carrier that acts as a receipt for goods and evidence of the contract of carriage by air. Unlike an ocean bill of lading, an AWB is not a document of title.

RELATED: HAWB · MAWB · B/L

HOUSE AIR WAYBILL · HAWB

A House Air Waybill (HAWB) is an air waybill issued by a freight forwarder to the shipper, covering an individual consignment inside a consolidated air shipment.

RELATED: AWB · MAWB · HBL

MASTER AIR WAYBILL · MAWB

A Master Air Waybill (MAWB) is the air waybill issued by the airline to a freight forwarder that covers a consolidated shipment made up of multiple house air waybills.

RELATED: AWB · HAWB · MBL

HOUSE BILL OF LADING · HBL

A House Bill of Lading (HBL) is a bill of lading issued by a freight forwarder or NVOCC to the shipper for an individual consignment within a consolidated ocean shipment.

RELATED: MBL · B/L · HAWB

MASTER BILL OF LADING · MBL

A Master Bill of Lading (MBL) is the bill of lading issued by the ocean carrier to a freight forwarder or NVOCC, covering a consolidated shipment composed of multiple house bills.

RELATED: HBL · B/L · MAWB

CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION · CFS

A Container Freight Station (CFS) is a facility where less-than-container-load (LCL) cargo from multiple shippers is consolidated into, or deconsolidated from, containers before or after ocean transport.

RELATED: CY · LCL · CFS–CFS

CONTAINER YARD · CY

A Container Yard (CY) is a designated area at a port or terminal where full containers are received, stored, stacked, and handed over between carrier, consignee, and haulier.

RELATED: CFS · CY–CY · FCL

LESS THAN CONTAINER LOAD · LCL

Less than Container Load (LCL) is an ocean freight service in which cargo from multiple shippers is consolidated into a single container, with each shipper paying only for the volume their goods occupy.

RELATED: FCL · CFS · FCL/LCL

FULL CONTAINER LOAD · FCL

Full Container Load (FCL) is an ocean freight service in which a single shipper books an entire container for their cargo, whether or not the container is physically filled.

RELATED: LCL · CY · TEU · FEU

FCL/LCL is a hybrid ocean service where cargo moves as a Full Container Load at origin and is deconsolidated as Less than Container Load at destination — typically to serve multiple consignees from one shipper.

RELATED: FCL · LCL · LCL/FCL

LCL/FCL is a hybrid ocean service where cargo from multiple shippers is consolidated at origin as LCL and delivered as a Full Container Load to a single consignee at destination.

RELATED: FCL · LCL · FCL/LCL

TWENTY-FOOT EQUIVALENT UNIT · TEU

A TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) is the standard unit of container capacity, equal to one 20-foot ISO shipping container. It is used to measure vessel capacity, port throughput, and container volumes worldwide.

RELATED: FEU · FCL · GP

FORTY-FOOT EQUIVALENT UNIT · FEU

A FEU (Forty-foot Equivalent Unit) equals two TEUs and represents one 40-foot ISO shipping container. It is a standard measure of container capacity for vessels, terminals, and rail moves.

RELATED: TEU · HC / HQ

ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL · ETA

ETA is the Estimated Time of Arrival — the carrier’s forecast for when a vessel, aircraft, truck, or shipment will arrive at a port, terminal, or delivery point.

RELATED: ETD · ATA · ATD · TT

ESTIMATED TIME OF DEPARTURE · ETD

ETD is the Estimated Time of Departure — the carrier’s forecast for when a vessel, aircraft, or truck will depart its origin port, terminal, or facility.

RELATED: ETA · ATD · ATA

ACTUAL TIME OF DEPARTURE · ATD

ATD is the Actual Time of Departure — the timestamp at which a vessel, aircraft, or truck actually departed its origin, used to measure schedule reliability against ETD.

RELATED: ETD · ATA · ETA

ACTUAL TIME OF ARRIVAL · ATA

ATA is the Actual Time of Arrival — the timestamp at which a vessel, aircraft, or truck actually arrived at its destination, used to measure schedule reliability against ETA.

RELATED: ETA · ATD · ETD

TRANSIT TIME · TT

Transit Time (TT) is the total elapsed time a shipment takes to move from origin to destination, typically measured port-to-port or door-to-door.

RELATED: ETA · ETD

PORT OF DISCHARGE / PROOF OF DELIVERY · POD

POD has two context-dependent meanings: in ocean freight it is the Port of Discharge, where cargo is unloaded from the vessel; in last-mile delivery it is the Proof of Delivery, the signed confirmation that goods reached the consignee.

RELATED: POL · POT

PORT OF LOADING · POL

POL is the Port of Loading — the port where cargo is loaded onto the vessel that will carry it on the main leg of the voyage.

RELATED: POD · POT

PORT OF TRANSSHIPMENT · POT

POT is the Port of Transshipment — an intermediate port where cargo is transferred from one vessel to another en route between the port of loading and the port of discharge.

RELATED: POL · POD

CY–CY (Container Yard to Container Yard) is an ocean freight service term meaning the carrier’s responsibility runs from the origin container yard to the destination container yard.

RELATED: CY · CFS–CFS

CFS–CFS is an ocean LCL service term meaning the carrier’s responsibility runs from the origin Container Freight Station, where cargo is consolidated, to the destination CFS, where it is deconsolidated.

RELATED: CFS · CY–CY · LCL

03 / 08 · 7 TERMS

Containers & Equipment

The hardware that moves the world — container types and unit-load devices.

GENERAL PURPOSE CONTAINER · GP

A GP (General Purpose) container is the standard dry ISO shipping container used for the majority of ocean freight — enclosed steel construction suited to most non-perishable cargo.

RELATED: HC / HQ · TEU

HIGH CUBE CONTAINER · HC / HQ

A High Cube (HC or HQ) container is a shipping container one foot taller than the standard General Purpose container, providing extra vertical space for high-volume or lightweight cargo.

RELATED: GP · FEU

OPEN TOP CONTAINER · OT

An Open Top (OT) container is a shipping container with a removable tarpaulin roof instead of a solid top, used for over-height cargo that must be loaded by crane from above.

RELATED: FR · GP

FLAT RACK CONTAINER · FR

A Flat Rack (FR) container is a shipping container with collapsible ends and no sides or roof, designed for oversized, heavy, or awkwardly shaped cargo that cannot fit in a standard container.

RELATED: OT · GP

REEFER CONTAINER · RF

A Reefer (RF) container is a refrigerated shipping container with an integrated cooling unit, used to transport temperature-controlled cargo such as food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.

RELATED: ISO Tank · GP

An ISO Tank is an International Standards Organization–compliant tank container built inside a standard frame, used to transport bulk liquids, gases, and powders in intermodal service.

RELATED: RF · GP

UNIT LOAD DEVICE · ULD

A ULD (Unit Load Device) is an air-cargo container or pallet designed to fit the contours of an aircraft’s hold, allowing large quantities of cargo to be loaded and unloaded as a single unit.

RELATED: AWB · MAWB

04 / 08 · 13 TERMS

Incoterms

The international trade terms that define who does what — costs, risk, and responsibility between buyer and seller.

FREE ON BOARD · FOB

FOB (Free On Board) is an Incoterm in which the seller delivers goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. Risk passes to the buyer once the goods are on the vessel.

RELATED: CIF · CFR · FCA

FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP · FAS

FAS (Free Alongside Ship) is an Incoterm in which the seller delivers goods, cleared for export, alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment, with the buyer bearing all costs and risk from that point.

RELATED: FOB · FCA · EXW

COST, INSURANCE & FREIGHT · CIF

CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight) is an Incoterm in which the seller pays the cost, freight, and marine insurance to bring the goods to the named port of destination. Risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are loaded on the vessel at origin.

RELATED: CFR · FOB · DDP

COST & FREIGHT · CFR

CFR (Cost & Freight) is an Incoterm in which the seller pays the cost and freight to deliver goods to the named port of destination, but the buyer assumes risk and insurance from the moment goods are loaded on the vessel.

RELATED: CIF · FOB

CARRIAGE PAID TO · CPT

CPT (Carriage Paid To) is an Incoterm in which the seller contracts and pays for carriage to the named destination, while risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are handed to the first carrier.

RELATED: CIP · CFR · FCA

CARRIAGE & INSURANCE PAID TO · CIP

CIP (Carriage & Insurance Paid To) is an Incoterm in which the seller pays for carriage and insurance to the named destination, with risk passing to the buyer on handover to the first carrier. Incoterms 2020 requires all-risks insurance cover under CIP.

RELATED: CPT · CIF

EX-WORKS · EXW

EXW (Ex-Works) is an Incoterm in which the seller makes goods available at their premises and the buyer bears all cost and risk from that point onward — including export clearance and main-carriage freight.

RELATED: FCA · DDP

DELIVERED DUTY PAID · DDP

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) is an Incoterm in which the seller delivers goods cleared for import to the buyer’s named place, paying all costs including duties and taxes. It places maximum obligation on the seller.

RELATED: DAP · DDU · EXW

DELIVERED AT PLACE · DAP

DAP (Delivered At Place) is an Incoterm in which the seller delivers goods to a named place in the buyer’s country, ready for unloading, with the buyer responsible for import clearance and duties.

RELATED: DDP · DAT

DELIVERED AT PLACE UNLOADED · DPU

DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) is an Incoterm in which the seller delivers goods unloaded at the named place of destination, bearing all costs and risk including unloading. It replaced DAT in Incoterms 2020.

RELATED: DAP · DAT · DDP

FREE CARRIER · FCA

FCA (Free Carrier) is an Incoterm in which the seller delivers goods, cleared for export, to a carrier or place nominated by the buyer. It is widely used for containerised and multimodal shipments.

RELATED: FOB · EXW

DELIVERED AT TERMINAL · DAT

DAT (Delivered At Terminal) was an Incoterm in which the seller delivered goods unloaded at a named terminal at destination. It was replaced by DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) in Incoterms 2020.

RELATED: DAP · DDP

DELIVERED DUTY UNPAID · DDU

DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) was an Incoterm in which the seller delivered goods to a named destination but the buyer paid import duties and taxes. It was replaced by DAP in Incoterms 2010.

RELATED: DAP · DDP

05 / 08 · 12 TERMS

Customs & Documentation

The paperwork and regulatory codes that keep cargo moving across borders.

BILL OF ENTRY · BOE

A Bill of Entry (BoE) is a legal customs declaration filed by an importer or customs broker to clear imported goods, listing details of the consignment so duty can be assessed and cargo released.

RELATED: SB · PBE · ICEGATE

SHIPPING BILL · SB

A Shipping Bill (SB) is the primary customs export declaration in India, filed by an exporter or agent to obtain permission to export goods and to claim any export incentives.

RELATED: BoE · EGM · DGFT

IMPORT GENERAL MANIFEST · IGM

An Import General Manifest (IGM) is a document filed by the carrier with customs on arrival, listing every consignment on board an inbound vessel or aircraft.

RELATED: EGM · BoE

EXPORT GENERAL MANIFEST · EGM

An Export General Manifest (EGM) is a document filed by the carrier with customs after departure, listing every consignment loaded on board an outbound vessel or aircraft.

RELATED: IGM · SB

INDIAN CUSTOMS ELECTRONIC GATEWAY · ICEGATE

ICEGATE (Indian Customs Electronic Gateway) is the national portal of Indian Customs that provides electronic filing services for shipping bills, bills of entry, and related trade documents.

RELATED: DGFT · BoE · SB

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF FOREIGN TRADE · DGFT

The DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade) is the Indian government body responsible for formulating and implementing foreign trade policy, including export/import licensing and incentive schemes.

RELATED: ICEGATE · RoDTEP · EPCG

PRIOR BILL OF ENTRY · PBE

A Prior Bill of Entry (PBE) is a bill of entry filed by an importer in advance of the cargo’s arrival, enabling faster customs clearance once the goods physically arrive.

RELATED: BoE

A bonded warehouse is a customs-controlled facility where imported goods are stored without payment of duties and taxes until they are cleared for domestic use, re-exported, or moved under bond. Goods held this way are described as bonded cargo.

RELATED: BoE · DDP

FREIGHT RELEASE CERTIFICATE · FRC

A Freight Release Certificate (FRC) is a document issued by the freight forwarder or carrier confirming that all freight charges have been paid and cargo can be released to the consignee.

RELATED: DO · B/L

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN · COO

A Certificate of Origin (COO) is a trade document that certifies the country in which goods were manufactured, used to determine tariff treatment and eligibility for preferential trade agreements.

RELATED: FTA · PTA · HSN

HARMONISED SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE · HSN

HSN (Harmonised System of Nomenclature) is the internationally standardised system of names and numbers used to classify traded products for customs and tariff purposes.

RELATED: ITC-HS · COO

INDIAN TRADE CLASSIFICATION (HS-BASED) · ITC-HS

ITC-HS (Indian Trade Classification, HS-based) is India’s national classification of goods for export and import, built on the international Harmonised System with additional national sub-headings.

RELATED: HSN · DGFT

06 / 08 · 10 TERMS

Charges & Cost

The surcharges and accessorials that shape freight invoices.

TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGES · THC

THC (Terminal Handling Charges) are fees levied by port terminals for handling containers between the vessel and the terminal gate — covering loading, unloading, and yard moves.

RELATED: BLF · DO

DEMURRAGE & DETENTION · D&D

Demurrage and Detention (D&D) are carrier charges for exceeding free time: demurrage applies while a container sits inside the terminal, detention applies while equipment is held outside the terminal before being returned.

RELATED: THC · DO · CY

BILL OF LADING FEE · BLF

A Bill of Lading Fee (BLF) is an administrative charge applied by the carrier or forwarder for issuing the bill of lading.

RELATED: B/L · DO

CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR · CAF

CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor) is a surcharge added to ocean freight rates to compensate carriers for exchange-rate fluctuations between the currency of the tariff and the carrier’s operating currency.

RELATED: BAF · PSS

BUNKER ADJUSTMENT FACTOR · BAF

BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor) is a surcharge on ocean freight that adjusts for changes in the price of bunker fuel consumed by the vessel.

RELATED: EBS · LSS · CAF

PEAK SEASON SURCHARGE · PSS

PSS (Peak Season Surcharge) is an additional charge carriers apply during periods of unusually high shipping demand, typically in the run-up to major retail seasons.

RELATED: BAF · CAF

LOW SULPHUR SURCHARGE · LSS

LSS (Low Sulphur Surcharge) is a fuel-related surcharge that recovers the higher cost of the low-sulphur bunker fuel carriers must burn in emission control areas.

RELATED: BAF · EBS

EMERGENCY BUNKER SURCHARGE · EBS

EBS (Emergency Bunker Surcharge) is an ad-hoc surcharge carriers apply when bunker fuel prices spike sharply between rate reviews.

RELATED: BAF · LSS

INTERNATIONAL SHIP & PORT FACILITY SECURITY CHARGE · ISPS

The ISPS charge recovers costs of complying with the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code, a set of measures adopted by the IMO to enhance the security of ships and port facilities.

RELATED: THC

DELIVERY ORDER · DO

A Delivery Order (DO) charge is a fee levied by the carrier or forwarder for issuing the delivery order — the document that authorises release of cargo to the consignee at destination.

RELATED: THC · FRC

07 / 08 · 16 TERMS

Transportation & Operations

How freight is organised on the ground — providers, load types, and operational systems.

THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS · 3PL

A 3PL (Third Party Logistics provider) is an outsourced partner that performs logistics activities — transport, warehousing, distribution, freight forwarding — on behalf of a shipper, using its own assets and operational teams.

RELATED: 4PL · FTL · PTL · WMS · TMS

FOURTH PARTY LOGISTICS · 4PL

A 4PL (Fourth Party Logistics provider) is a supply-chain integrator that manages the full logistics operation for a shipper — including coordinating multiple 3PLs — often on an asset-light basis.

RELATED: 3PL · TMS · Agentic Infrastructure for LSPs

FULL TRUCK LOAD · FTL

FTL (Full Truck Load) is a road freight service in which a single shipper’s cargo occupies an entire truck, moving directly from origin to destination without consolidation.

RELATED: PTL · 3PL

PART TRUCK LOAD · PTL

PTL (Part Truck Load) is a road freight service in which shipments from multiple shippers share the same truck, with each paying only for the portion of the trailer they use.

RELATED: FTL · LCL

LESS THAN TRUCKLOAD / GROUPAGE · LTL

LTL (Less than Truckload) is a road freight service in which shipments from multiple shippers are consolidated into a single truck, with each paying for the space and weight their freight uses. In Europe the same service is known as Groupage.

RELATED: FTL · PTL · LCL

FIRST IN, FIRST OUT · FIFO

FIFO (First In, First Out) is an inventory management method in which the oldest stock is dispatched first — essential for perishable goods and time-sensitive materials.

RELATED: LIFO · WMS

LAST IN, FIRST OUT · LIFO

LIFO (Last In, First Out) is an inventory management method in which the most recently received stock is dispatched first — useful for non-perishable goods where handling access dictates order.

RELATED: FIFO · WMS

FIRST EXPIRED, FIRST OUT · FEFO

FEFO (First Expired, First Out) is an inventory management method in which stock with the earliest expiry date is dispatched first — essential for pharmaceuticals, food, and other shelf-life-sensitive goods.

RELATED: FIFO · LIFO · WMS

STOCK KEEPING UNIT · SKU

A SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) is a unique identifier assigned to a distinct product and each of its variants, used to track inventory across warehouses, systems, and sales channels.

RELATED: WMS · FEFO

WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM · WMS

A WMS (Warehouse Management System) is a software platform that plans, tracks, and controls day-to-day warehouse operations — receiving, put-away, picking, packing, and inventory accuracy.

RELATED: TMS · 3PL · FIFO

WAREHOUSE EXECUTION SYSTEM · WES

A WES (Warehouse Execution System) is a software platform that orchestrates work across people and automation in a warehouse, sitting between a WMS and WCS to release, sequence, and optimise tasks in real time.

RELATED: WMS · WCS · PLC

WAREHOUSE CONTROL SYSTEM · WCS

A WCS (Warehouse Control System) is the software layer that directs automated material-handling equipment in real time, translating instructions from a WMS or WES into commands for conveyors, sorters, and robotics.

RELATED: WES · WMS · PLC

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER · PLC

A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a ruggedised industrial computer that controls automated equipment — conveyors, sorters, palletisers — executing commands from higher-level warehouse systems in real time.

RELATED: WCS · WES

TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM · TMS

A TMS (Transport Management System) is a software platform that plans, executes, and optimises the movement of freight — including carrier selection, rating, dispatch, tracking, and settlement.

RELATED: WMS · 3PL · API Infrastructure

DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM · DMS

A DMS (Distribution Management System) is a software platform that manages distribution operations — orders, inventory allocation, and fulfilment — across warehouses, channels, and delivery networks.

RELATED: WMS · TMS

CARRIER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM · CMS

A CMS (Carrier Management System) is a software platform for onboarding, contracting, and managing carriers — tracking rates, compliance, capacity, and performance across a carrier network.

RELATED: TMS · 3PL

08 / 08 · 9 TERMS

International Trade & Compliance

Trade agreements, standards, and incentive schemes that shape global commerce.

FREE TRADE AGREEMENT · FTA

An FTA (Free Trade Agreement) is a treaty between two or more countries that reduces or eliminates tariffs and non-tariff barriers on goods traded between them.

RELATED: PTA · COO

PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT · PTA

A PTA (Preferential Trade Agreement) is a treaty in which participating countries grant each other reduced tariffs on specified goods, without eliminating trade barriers entirely as an FTA would.

RELATED: FTA · COO

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS · BIS

BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) is India’s national standards body, responsible for the certification and quality control of products traded in and imported into India.

RELATED: DGFT

GOOD DISTRIBUTION PRACTICE · GDP

GDP (Good Distribution Practice) is the quality standard governing the storage, handling, and transport of medicinal products, ensuring product integrity is maintained throughout the distribution chain.

RELATED: GMP · GAMP 5

GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE · GMP

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) is the regulatory standard that ensures products — particularly pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and food — are consistently produced and controlled to defined quality requirements.

RELATED: GDP · GAMP 5

GOOD AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING PRACTICE 5 · GAMP 5

GAMP 5 (Good Automated Manufacturing Practice, 5th edition) is ISPE’s risk-based framework for validating computerised systems in regulated industries, widely applied to warehouse and logistics software in pharmaceutical supply chains.

RELATED: GMP · GDP · WMS

REMISSION OF DUTIES AND TAXES ON EXPORT PRODUCTS · RODTEP

RoDTEP (Remission of Duties and Taxes on Export Products) is an Indian government scheme that refunds embedded central, state, and local duties and taxes to exporters, replacing earlier incentive programmes.

RELATED: DGFT · EPCG

ADVANCE AUTHORIZATION · AA

Advance Authorization (AA) is an Indian export incentive scheme that allows duty-free import of inputs physically incorporated into export products, subject to export obligation and value addition norms.

RELATED: EPCG · DGFT

EXPORT PROMOTION CAPITAL GOODS · EPCG

EPCG (Export Promotion Capital Goods) is an Indian scheme permitting duty-free import of capital goods for producing goods and services for export, tied to a specified export obligation.

RELATED: AA · RoDTEP · DGFT

LSP44 · AGENTIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR LSPS

AI Agents don’t just define these terms — they run the workflows behind them.

See how LSP44’s AI Agent & API Infrastructure automates the operations hiding behind every acronym on this page.

EXPLORE THE PLATFORM